A unique and transformative period marked by significant changes and challenges, emerging adulthood usually spans from late adolescence to the mid to late 20’s. It is during this period that teenagers are launched into higher education, the workforce, more responsibility, and “adulting.” Values, goals, and patterns are established that may define one’s life as an adult. It can be a scary time yet also an exciting time – depending on how one looks at it. In this article, I will discuss some of the main themes addressed in psychotherapy with emerging adults and define how therapy can be instrumental in supporting mental health and well-being during this critical phase.
Identity Exploration and Formation
Who do you want to be as an adult? I love this question for the emerging adult population because it is not until adulthood that one has the independence and cognitive functioning to completely define for themselves what kind of person they want to be. Of course it is not always this clear cut as we all are still carrying our childhoods with us and do not live in vacuums. But I think it is an empowering question for emerging adults as it establishes a sense of choice and locus of control regarding navigating adult life.
Thus, one key task of emerging adulthood is adult identity exploration and formation. Whether conscious of it or not, young adults are often grappling with questions about who they are, what they value, what their goals are, and where they fit into the world. Psychotherapy can provide a supportive environment for exploring these questions, helping budding adults gain a sense of self-acceptance, purpose, and identity.
Identity Exploration and Formation
For many emerging adults, gone are the days of built in peer groups at school or, for some, living at home or with more immediately accessible support. Emerging adults are often navigating new and complex relationship dynamics. This includes friendships, romantic partnerships, professional connections, and shifting relationships with parents. Yet, learning to be proactive and healthily engaged in these shifted social dynamics is important as the health of our relationships is absolutely vital to mental and overall well-being. Therapy can help with developing relationships skills. It can also serve as a space to explore past relationship patterns and how they influence current interactions.
Managing Transitions and Uncertainty
A period of transition, emerging adulthood is marked by changes and thus sometimes uncertainty. For example, many emerging adults move away from home for the first time, begin college or a career, and form new social networks. These transitions can be exciting yet also overwhelming, anxiety-provoking, and leave one susceptible to feeling lost. A therapist can provide support and guidance during these transitions, helping individuals cope with uncertainty and adapt to change.
Mental Health Challenges
Unfortunately, young adulthood is a peak period for the onset of mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Psychotherapy can be an effective treatment option for these challenges, providing individuals with coping strategies, support, resources, a safe space to explore their thoughts and feelings, and ultimately symptom reduction.
Career and Educational Decision-Making
For better or worse, emerging adults are often faced with important decisions regarding education and career paths. This can be a daunting and overwhelming task having not yet found footing as an adult nor, in many cases, been given realistic expectations regarding career and adult life. In session, individuals clarify their goals and values, identify strengths and interests, as well as overcome obstacles that may hinder progress. Therapists can also provide guidance on decision-making strategies and skill development.
Cultural and Societal Influences
As mentioned earlier, no one lives in a vacuum. Cultural and societal factors can significantly impact the experiences of emerging adults, influencing values, beliefs, and expectations. With a non-judgmental approach, a therapist can help individuals navigate these influences, explore their cultural identity, and understand how societal norms and expectations shape their lives.
Conclusion
I strongly believe that psychotherapy can be a valuable resource for emerging adults. A good relationship with an effective therapist can provide an emerging adult with the support, guidance, and tools they need to navigate the challenges of this transformative period. By addressing psychological issues early on, individuals can lay a foundation for positive mental health and well-being as they transition into adulthood.